Indus Atlas

Maps of Pakistan, India and Afghanistan.

Census tables, casualty counts and official records, drawn as maps. Hover or tap for the numbers behind each one, and reuse any map with credit.

Browse all 29 mapsAbout the maps
Where Partition’s refugees settled in India: refugees from West Pakistan in blue across Punjab and Delhi, from East Pakistan in red across Bengal
Map 15. Where Partition’s refugees settled in India. 7,295,870 displaced persons counted in 1951: 4.66 million from West Pakistan and 2.55 million from East Pakistan.

Map of the day

What the maps show

Three figures taken from the maps’ data.

Census and identity

Language and religion, district by district.

Map 3 · Kashmir · Census 1941Kashmir divided by religionA Muslim majority in 1941 goes to Pakistan, everything else to India. 17 Indian-administered districts would move.
Map 2 · Kashmir · Census 1941Kashmir by religionMajority religion in every district of the former princely state, across all three administering countries.
Map 1 · Pakistan · Census 2023Pakistan by mother tongue156 districts regrouped into ten provinces by the largest mother tongue in each.

Conflict

Militant attacks, military operations, garrisons and displacement.

Map 20b · Pakistan and Afghanistan · 2023–2026Afghans pushed out of Pakistan, 2023–20262,735,890 Afghans returned or were deported between 15 September 2023 and 3 October 2026; 277,298 were deported.
Map 19 · India · 2026Cantonments of India61 notified cantonments, 16 of them due to lose their civil areas, and 56 military stations also called cantonments.
Map 18 · Pakistan · 2026Cantonments of Pakistan43 cantonments with their own boards, and 32 army garrisons also called cantonments.
Map 17c · Afghanistan · 2021–2026All militant attacks in Afghanistan since 2021142 attacks between 15 August 2021 and August 2026 killed 1,476 people: maps 17 and 17b on one plate.
Map 17b · Afghanistan · 2021–2026Militant attacks on the Taliban since 202184 attacks between 15 August 2021 and August 2026 killed 470 people.
Map 17 · Afghanistan · 2021–2026Militant attacks on civilians in Afghanistan since 202158 attacks between 15 August 2021 and August 2026 killed 1,006 people.
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Partition and history

Partition, the refugees it created, and how the population changed.

Map 21b · Pakistan · 1951Religion in West Pakistan’s districts, 1951After Partition: 3% not Muslim. Hindus remained in Thar Parkar (38%) and Hyderabad (9%); Christians were the largest minority in central Punjab.
Map 21 · Pakistan · 1941Religion in West Pakistan’s districts, 1941Before Partition: 23% of the people in the districts that became West Pakistan were not Muslim, over a third in central Punjab, Karachi and lower Sind.
Map 20 · Pakistan · 1979–2026Where Afghan refugees lived in Pakistan, 20181.4 million registered refugees by district in 2018, the 54 refugee villages, and 47 years of arrivals and returns.
Map 15 · India · Census 1951Where Partition’s refugees settled in India7,295,870 displaced persons counted in 1951: 4.66 million from West Pakistan and 2.55 million from East Pakistan.
Map 14 · Pakistan · Census 1951Where Partition’s refugees settled in Pakistan7,226,584 muhajirs counted in 1951, four in five of them from the Indian Punjab, Delhi and Rajputana.
Map 8b · British India · Census 1941The same partition, with a Sikh stateTehsils where Sikhs were the largest community form a state of about 4.2 million people.
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Land and resources

Dams, hydropower and how the land is used.

Map 24 · India · 2026Dams and hydropower in India185 hydropower plants (42,860 MW operating, 15,762 MW under construction) and 19 dams with large reservoirs.
Map 23 · Pakistan · 2026Dams and hydropower in Pakistan37 hydropower plants (11,612 MW operating, 9,900 MW under construction) and 13 dams with large reservoirs in Pakistan, Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.
Map 22 · Afghanistan · 1994–2025Opium poppy in Afghanistan, 1994–2025Poppy fields peaked at 328,000 hectares in 2017; after the Taliban’s 2022 ban they fell to 10,200 hectares in 2025.